Skip to main content

Theory

The Complete Musician - Steven G. Laitz

https://kaitlinbove.com/

141~145

The foundation of tonal music （调性音乐）​

tonic 主音

bar lines 小节线

measures 小节

accent 重音

staff 五线谱

clef 谱号

image-20221009232024170

image-20221009232055894

image-20221009232305402

Ledger lines 加线（上加线，下加线）

Octave sign: 8va or 8vb

8va 演奏时高八度 8vb 演奏时低八度

Register 音区，如C3 to C5 是中音区，C6 to C8是高音区，但是相对并非绝对的概念

image-20221009233005377

Pitch class 音高集合 其中所有的音高都剛好差整數倍的八度音

Interval 音程

Step 级进 Half step and Whole step

image-20221009233546249

Accidental(s) 变音记号

Chromatic 半音的

image-20221009234030648

Scale 音阶

diatonic scale 自然音阶

chromatic scale 半音阶

tonality 调性

enharmonic 异名同音 音名不同而音高相同

image-20221009235414046

image-20221009235727308

Tonic 主音

Supertonic 上主音

Mediant 中音

Subdominant 下属音

Dominant 属音

Submediant 下中音

Leading tone 导音（Subtonic）

circle of fifths 五度圈

image-20221010000241156

image-20221010085142503

image-20221010085254032

Melodic minor scale: 旋律小调音阶

img

image-20221010085628287

image-20221010085742171

Unison / prime 同度 一个音到它自己

melodic interval 旋律音程 先后弹奏两个音 harmonic interval 和声音程 两个音同时发响

simple interval 单音程 小于等于一个八度的音程 compound interval 复音程 大于一个八度的音程

image-20221010090245317

image-20221010090306960

perfect (P) and major (M)/minor (m)

Perfect: 纯音程，在大小调都出现

Major/Minor 大音程 小音程

image-20221010090739180

Augmented / Diminished 增/减音程

image-20221010091053665

Interval Inversion 音程转位 把最低音移到8度以上

image-20221010195734400

Pulse, Rhythm and meter​

image-20221012213816841

Dot 附点

Tie 延音线 相邻的音符

Slur 圆滑线 多个音符

Meter 拍子

The tempo of the piece is the speed of the pulse

Meter Signature 拍号

image-20221012214955724

Triplet 三连音 合占一拍

image-20221016231724720

image-20221016231758511

image-20221016231904436

image-20221016231937684

Anacrusis 弱起

Syncopation 切分音

image-20221012215719115

Harnessing Space and Time: Introduction to Melody and Two-Voice Counterpoint​

counterpoint 对位

  1. 第一對位：單個音符間的對位（Note agianst note）；

  2. 第二對位：兩個音符與一個音符間的對位 （Two notes against one）；

  3. 第三對位：一組音符（泛稱，包含三個、四個或六個等音符構成的一組）與一個音符間的對位 （Four notes against one）；

  4. 第四對位：延留音對位（Notes offset against each other）；

  5. 華彩對位（Florid counterpoint，將以上四種綜合運用的對位手法）

    image-20221016233716672

6 代表主音在最低音上面6度，第一转位

image-20221016235102095

4 6 代表主音在最低音上面4度，第二转位

image-20221016235145614

Most of the time, you should double the bass note somewhere above in the Tenor, Alto, or Soprano voice

image-20221016234540167

polyphony 复调

Chapter 3: Musical Density: Triads, Seventh Chords, and Texture​

Triad 三和弦

image-20221015125906252

image-20221015125942593

major triad 大三和弦 minor triad 小三和弦 diminished triad 减三和弦 augmented triad 增三和弦

root position 原位: the root is the lowest-sounding pitch, that is, if the root is in the bass

inversion 转位(complement)

When the third of the triad appears in the bass, the chord is in first inversion. When the fifth is in the bass, the triad is in sec- ond inversion

image-20221015190414822

Figured Bass 数字低音，在巴洛克時期幾乎所有流派的音樂中都用作即興伴奏，但現代音樂中極少使用

image-20221015190710954

harmonic analysis 和声分析

img

I = 一级（主和弦）

II = 二级（上主和弦）

III = 三级（中和弦）

IV = 四级（下属和弦）

V = 五级（属和弦）

VI = 六级（下中和弦）

VII = 七级（导和弦）

seventh chord 七和弦

image-20221015191751367

image-20221017080017466

image-20221017080055092

image-20221017080210677

image-20221017080522952

image-20221017080611862

image-20221017080728831

image-20221017080941924

image-20221017081120762

image-20221017081148932

image-20221017081219018

image-20221017081242322

image-20221015192048457

image-20221017082106062

ROLE OF VOICES: In general, the SOPRANO should serve as the melody (avoid awkward leaps, too much repetition, and too much pattern in the soprano voice), the ALTO and TENOR serve as harmony voices (finding common tones and stepwise movement from chord to chord) and the BASS serves as the bassline, usually leaping around from chord root to chord root or moving more melodically (MELODIC BASS) when inversions and non-chord tones are in play.

Chapter 4: When Harmony, Melody, and Rhythm Converge​

consonant leap / chordal leap

https://kaitlinbove.com/nonharmonic-tones

arpeggiation 琶音

embellishing tones 和弦外音 若有一個音，且這個音所處的和弦中不包括這個音，則這個音被稱作和弦外音，或簡稱外音。

image-20221016230602595

image-20221016230706620

image-20221016230744942

image-20221016230808932

image-20221016230846859

image-20221016230927579

image-20221016231044016

image-20221016231150223

image-20221016231218445

image-20221016231334410

HARMONIC PROGRESSION (also known as CHORD PROGRESSION) is the logical movement from one chord to another to create the structural foundation and movement of a work in Western Classical Music.